3D Printers, How They Work, Their Types, And Their Examples. Engineering Problem And Its Possible Solution

 3D Printer, How It Works, Its Types, And Examples

With the arrival of advanced technology, the idea of rapid prototyping started growing during the 1980s as a solution to this problem. It meant developing models and prototypes by more automated methods, usually in hours or days rather than weeks that traditional prototyping used to take. 3D printing is a logical extension of this idea in which product designers make their own rapid prototypes, in hours, using sophisticated machines that are similar to inkjet printers.

What is a 3D Printer?

A machine that allows the user to create a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model with the help of a computer-aided design (CAD), by laying down many thin layers of a material in succession is called a 3d printer.

How does a 3D printer work?

The 3D printer is operated by a computer. It constructs a 3D model one layer at a time, from the bottom going upwards, by repeatedly printing over the same area in a method known as fused depositional modeling (FDM). Working entirely automatically, the printer creates a model over hours by turning a 3D computer-aided design into lots of two-dimensional, cross-sectional layers effectively separating 2D prints that sit one on top of another. The printer essentially works by extruding molten plastic through a tiny nozzle that moves around precisely under computer control. It prints one layer, waits for it to dry, and then prints the next layer on top.

Types OF 3D Printers:

The term 3D printing encircles a few manufacturing technologies that assemble parts layer-by-layer. Each process differs in the way they form plastic and metal parts and can vary in material selection, surface finish, durability, speed, and cost. Selecting the right 3D printing process for your application requires an understanding of each process’s strengths and weaknesses and mapping those attributes to your product requirements. There are many types of 3D printers, some of them are:

1.           Stereolithography

2.           Selective Laser Sintering

3.           Fused Deposition Modeling

4.           Digital Light Process

5.         Multi-Jet Fusion

6.           PolyJet

7.           Direct Metal Laser Sintering

8.         Electron Beam Melting

Examples OF 3D Printing:

Homes And Buildings:

3D printing can produce entire houses and buildings. This is a remarkable feat for the technology because it could potentially save lives when areas are enduring tough times from things such as natural disasters and war. After all, emergency shelters can be constructed quickly using 3D printing technology. In Moscow, Russia, a team used 3D printing to create a 400 square feet house in less than a day, just to point out one instance of the production speed.

Firearms and Military:

A very controversial topic has been the ability to 3D print fully functional firearms. Defense Distributor’s “Liberator” has been subjecting to the hot discussion as it is a working plastic gun, created using 3D printing technology. Many believe this to be an extremely dangerous ability as there is the potential for any person with a 3D printer and the design blueprints to produce their own guns.

 Engineering Problem And Its Possible Solution

Engineering problem means a problematic situation that is amenable to analysis and solution using engineering sciences and methods. Today there are many problems for which we don't have an ideal solution or any solution at all. Similarly we are going to focus on an engineering problem.

Problem Identification:                                                                         

The problem we are going to discuss comes very often in different kinds of electronic devices such as laptops, computers, mobile phones, tablets and many different devices that contain a microprocessor. Our main focus is going to be on those microprocessors. Microprocessors are manufactured in a zero dust environment and semiconductors are used in the manufacturing of these microprocessors. The most common semicondutor today is silicon. Silicon is a chemical element that is present in sand and glass. Its atomic number is 14. Silicon is the best semiconductor that has been found yet but it is not ideal. Silicon has always consisted thermal conductivity problems.

Problem Statement:                                                                   

Microprocessors which are manufactured with the use silicon as a semiconductor cannot work without  a cooling system because they produce too much heat. Due to this heat conductivity problem thermal breakdowns occur in many devices and some devices get damaged too.

Possible Solution:                                                                                 

The most effective solution is to replace silicon with a better semiconductor. Cubic boron arsenide (c-BAs) made out of boron and arsenic fixes all the problems. Cubic boron arsenide provides lower temperatures, better electrical conductivity, and improved performance. It also conducts thermal distress up to 10x better. This means heat dissipates much faster from its surface much faster, than it does even in copper.

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